During the Cold War, America was going through a difficult time. World War II just ended, and Europe was mostly in ruins. Communism was beginning to spread. Many American citizens feared everyone and trusted no one. Education wasn’t a major concern, and as men turned eighteen they were drafted from luck of the drawl. The Cold War affected United States domestic policy and the American society.
In 1947, the Executive Order 9835 states, ” There shall be a loyalty investigation of every person entering the civilian employment of any department or agency of the executive branch of the Federal Government” (Document 1). During this time, McCarthy was pointing fingers at everyone stating they were communist. He attacked teachers to Hollywood stars. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were two among the ones attacked. They were arrested without much evidence of being communists working for the government. They were later exiled. You can tell by document four American society was torn. There were groups for and groups against the Rosenbergs. In one picture there’s a sign saying “We are innocent.” Then two others say ” burn all reds” and ” Rosenberg traitors must die for their crime.” At this time people were accusing their own neighbors of being communist. In document two, the illustration shows the House of Committee running people over when hunting communists. The illustration is showing how the House of Committee was handling Un- American Activities in a way that wasn’t appropriate.
After the Soviet satellite, Sputnik, was launched America begin putting all money into the Science funds to help launch their first satellite leaving the education system behind. Many schools didn’t have money to properly run. The education system was left to find money on its own. Document six is an illustration showing science at the very top and education in ruins at the bottom with a heading of ” Hey- Don’t Forget The Bottom Part, Too”. This was an eye opener saying education is required to make our science better as well so help the education too.
A major issue during this time was the thought of war and going to war in general. Document three shows dates from 1953-1962 all showing issues were war, peace, and international tensions. People were terrified of the start of a third world war that they began building bomb shelters. In document five, you’ll notice it was such a deal that there were companies specially for building bomb shelters. As young men were turning eighteen they were having to put their names in the draft for war. Many eighteen year olds are thinking of going off to college not war, but it was reality back then. Many of these young men weren’t even trained or specialized for the military. It was mainly luck of the drawl. During 1940 and 1950 the majority of the United States defense budget was spent on other programs, but during 1960 it was spent mostly on defense. After war calmed down in 1990 it was spent on other programs once again.
The Cold War affected the United States domestic policy and American society in many ways. Our society changed greatly, the people didn’t trust one another like they did once before. We had eighteen year old men going to war untrained. Our school systems were being left to provide for themselves. We didn’t care, we only wanted to be bigger and better than the rest.
Martin Luther King and Malcolm X: Whose Philosophy Made the Most Sense for America in the 1960s?
Martin Luther King and Malcolm X grew up in very different situations. King grew up to a minister in a middle class family. Malcolm grew up with extreme hardship and poverty. Although from different backgrounds, they had similar philosophies. Kings, however, made most sense for America in the 1960s.
We can tell from Document A each man was very respected by the other. King’s speech in Document B, ‘I Have a Dream’ is one of his most known speeches. In this speech, he speaks of wanting his kids to be able to go to school with all other kids, and to not be judged based on the color of their skin but by character. He wanted for the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. Malcolm on the other hand wanted blacks and white to work together, but separate. In Document C, he speaks of the blacks and whites forming their owns groups. Each group would then go to other blacks/ whites telling how to respect the other race. So, technically, they wouldn’t be working together.
King was tired of having churches burned and homes bombed. He wanted to march and fight segregation. He wanted schools desegregated, and he wasn’t going to stop. Document D, King speaks of wanting whites and blacks to be able to study side by side in the socially healing context of the classroom. Malcolm forms the Organization of Afro-American Unity. In Document E, it says for blacks to establish their own schools within the Afro-American communities. Although this would maintain peace, it wouldn’t help desegregation. However, same both had the thoughts on economy. Each felt they were increasing the white neighborhoods’ income. In Document F, King states to keep boycotting. In Document G, Malcolm says to quit boycotting and start creating business for the black community.
King didn’t want a war. In Document G, he speaks of blacks suffering. They will keep suffering, only to earn their freedom. They will continue to love the white no matter how evil they are. He doesn’t want to fight. He will continue to use the weapon of love. Malcolm on the other hand wants war. He seems to not like whites. He says whites will not listen to you unless you are white and have their blood. In Document I, he states the only way you’re going to preserve peace is be prepared for war. King feels violence will not get you anywhere. King repeats in Document J how violence and murder does no good for either side. Violence to him multiplies evil and violence in the universe. Malcolm is also against violence; however, he feels you have to do whatever you can to win freedom. In Document K, he states he’s a realist and if violence is what it takes then that’s what will happen. He says nonviolence is only taught to blacks, so when its taught to whites, including the KKK, he will then go the nonviolent way. “I believe we should protect ourselves by any means necessary when we are attacked by racists,” Malcolm X.
King, in Document L, is with the extremist leaders. He does not want to cause a bloody outcome. Malcolm, in Document M, states the leaders aren’t doing enough. Trying to get one black at a time into something isn’t changing the problem. It’s making it worse. Based on all the document Martin Luther King Jr.’s philosophy made the most sense. You can’t just fight and expect what you want. You have to work for it. You have to boycott. You have to march and protest. You can’t just sit around. “With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to climb up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day,” Martin Luther King Jr.
King felt that we were on the move. He was tired of their churches being burned, homes beings bombed, and his people being terrorized. He wants to march to desegregate the schools. He wants blacks and whites to be able to earn an education together. He wants them to be able to study side by side in the socially healing context of the classroom.
Malcolm X only speaks of sincere white people. He only wants sincere whites to work in conjunction with them. He wants each working among the others kind. He wants all sincere whites to go out and find all other whites who feel the same as they do. These whites would then form their own white group to convert other whites who are thinking and acting racist. Malcolm felt all blacks should respect their white co-workers, because thy deserve every credit. Meanwhile in the black community the blacks will teach others to respect whites while helping himself. While working separately they are actually all working together.
Martin Luther king jr.’s philosophy made the most sense. King wanted the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood… He also wants the nation to become a nation where colored people and children aren’t judged by the color of their skin but by their character. He hopes that one day everyone will be able to work, pray, struggle, go to jail, climb up to freedom together knowing they will be free one day.
To what extent and why did the United States adopt an isolationist policy in the 1920s and 1930s? How did this affect America’s entrance into World War II?
United States adopted an isolationist policy to stay out of war. They were too focused on the economy. They were in the Great Depression, and they felt the war would just cause a bigger debt. Many people reminisced about the losses during WWI and didn’t want to deal with that again .The Americans felt safe being in between two large oceans. Many even felt want was going on in the world did not effect them.
The American entrance into WWII was affect by a delay of joining. America repeatedly made new Neutrality Acts, to hopefully keep peace with America and other words. Delaying the entrance; however, made America stronger. We were able to make stronger military forces for when the time came.
The New Deal secured the support of labor and agriculture after 1932 as the Republican party secured the support of industry and commerce since 1920—with special-interest programs giving financial aid, legal privileges, and other types of assistance. Assess the validity of this statement, giving attention to both periods (1920-1932 and 1932-1940) using the information from chapter 33 and all in class work and reading.
The Statement is very much valid. Throughout Roosevelt’s term in office he helped the nation magnificently. Although not all the policies and procedures worked accurately he still helped. He helped farmers, poor, and middle class; everyone. He tried all he could to make the nation thrive, but there wasn’t really a way out of the Great Depression besides war, WWII. However, Roosevelt’s plans did help. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) gave jobs to young men driven by depression into criminal habits. These young people received opportunities they would have never been given. The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) wasn’t exactly useful, but it was a chance to take. This act made millions of dollars available to help farmers pay mortgage; however, farmers began to get paid to not do anything at all. They were paid to burn crops and slaughter animals. Many people were upset by this because these were things that could have been given to the poor for food. The Public Work Administration (PWA) created jobs while building up the industry. The jobs that were being given were to build building, bridges, etc.
The economic policies of the federal government from 1921 to 1929 were responsible for the nation’s depression of the 1930s. Assess the validity of this generalization, using the information from chapter 32 and all in class work and reading.
During the 1921 to 1929, farms and factories were overproducing products. During the war they had to, but the war was over and they no longer could sell everything. They started to lose more and more money.
Credit became a huge deal among citizens. As new products were being made, citizens began buying on credit even when they knew for a fact they didn’t have the money.
Technology began pushing people out of jobs, and many people were being paid very low salary. Due to the Hawley-Smooth Tariff Act, America was in debt because purchasing from Europe was no longer and option. the tariffs were to high for people to pay for small items, it was pointless to even try. The only reason this act was ever created was due to farmers going bankrupt. And we Hoover didn’t want to provide direct aid, he wanted private sector response.
Overall I believe the high tariffs and the stock market crash had the most influential cause of the nation’s depression.
Why did the United States, which had welcomed so many millions of immigrants for nearly a century, suddenly become so fearful of immigration in the 1920s that it virtually ended mass immigration for two decades?
The United States suddenly became fearful of immigration in the 1920s. Immigrants began competing for the same jobs as women and demobilized military men during a time of high unemployment and increased living cost. Many immigrants were anarchists. Americans began to fear immigrants thinking they would all oppose the governments and rebel. The KKK ( Ku Klux Klan) were not only against blacks, but were also against immigrants. The KKK felt the immigrants were mixing their cultures with the American culture. The KKK wanted to defend traditional, white Protestant America. They didn’t want the American culture to mix with Jews, Catholics, and African American traditions. The saying Fear spreads Fear played a heavy role in this. Just because a few immigrants were anarchists doesn’t mean all will be. Many Americans, however, felt that way. When the popular view amongst immigrants and the idea of change caused fear and or panic, it was easier for society to throw there arms up in rage then to come up with a plan on how to make things work fair and evenly for everybody.
shskelseyloudermilk 